Born in 1938 in Kharkov, the Ukraine. Organized a scientific and cultural Jewish seminar, and participated in the grass-root initiative for creation of the Memorial Monument for Jews perished in Holocaust . Organized the demonstrations of protest and solidarity at the graves of murdered Jews. In 1980 he organized an open university, where he delivered lectures on the Jewish history. He was arrested in 1981 on the charge of the anti-State Zionist activity and sentenced to 3 years in the Gulag. Released in 1984, and went to Israel in 1988.
