Born in 1937 in Zhitomir in the Ukraine. Received a degree in Civil Engineering. In 1978 he applied for the exit visa to go to Israel, but was denied. Here his fight for the rights of emigration from the Soviet Union began. In 1980 he was arrested, charged with the Zionist activity and sentenced to 2 years of imprisonment in the Gulag. In 1982 he was released and in 1983 left the USSR for Israel.
