Born in 1960 in Leningrad. In 1978 he was expelled from the university after he applied for the exit visa, which he was denied. In 1980 he avoided the draft into the Soviet Army because of his Zionist ideology, was arrested for this and sentenced to 2 years of imprisonment in the Gulag. Was released in 1982, but did not stop fighting for his rights of emigration until 1987, when he finally received the permission to go. He is a member of the Council and the Presidium of the Organization of Prisoners of Zion.
