Born in 1920 in Hovrino, Poland, he escaped to Lithuania in 1939. After the German occupation of Lithuania in 1941, he fled to the Soviet Union and lived on various collective farms. In 1942 he was mobilized by the Red Army and sent to a munitions factory in Moscow. There he found a secret Zionist group among Jewish workers in the factory, who exchanged both national and historical information and organized Hebrew classes. Arrested in 1944 on charges of Zionist activity, he was sentenced to 10 years in the Gulag. Some of this time was spent in Moscow prisons: Lubianka, Lefortovo, Butyrka, and Krasnaia Presnia and some in several camps in Norilsk and Cheboksary which was followed by a period of exile. Released in 1955, he succeeded in getting to Israel in 1957. Remember & Save Association website
