Born in 1909 in Riga, he took an active part in “He-halutz Ha-tsair” from an early age and was a board member of the “Gordonia” movement in Latvia. He was engaged in raising money and mobilizing friends to start up the kibbutz “Mishmarot” in Israel. He studied law and economics but at the outbreak of WWII fled with his family to the Soviet Union and ran a law practice in Dushanbe, Tadjikistan. In 1942 he tried to cross the Turkish border but had to give up because of the illness of one of his group. He was arrested and sentenced by the OSO (Special military tribunal) to 3 years imprisonment which he served in the Norilsk camp. After his release he still had to fight for permission to emigrate to Israel, which he did in 1971. Remember & Save website
