Born in 1941 into an assimilated Jewish family, he graduated from the Leningrad Institute of Pediatrics. Prior to his arrest he worked in a research institute in Leningrad and had almost completed his Ph.D. thesis. Arrested on August 20th, 1970, he was tried at the 2nd Leningrad trial in May 1971 and was sentenced to 1 year’s imprisonment in a high-security camp. Remember & Save website