Born in 1928 in Riga, Latvia, she was a member of a youth Zionist movement in Lithuania from 1937 through 1941. After the occupation by the Nazis, she worked in an underground Zionist movement in the Soviet Union, teaching Hebrew and Jewish history. She was arrested in 1949 and sentenced to 1.5 years in prison and 25 years of exile in Siberia. She served her sentence in a camp in Barnaul and her exile in Krasnoyarsk. She finally reached Israel in 1972.
