Born in 1935. In 1959 graduated from Moscow Power-Engineering Institute and also from Moscow State University (by correspondence, with a degree in mathematics) and started his job in a scientific research organization. In 1972 he applied for the exit visa for the first time, and was fired from his position because of this. He became an activist in the Zionist movement and from 1973 till 1980 was an editor of an underground magazine “Jews in USSR”. Was one of the organizers of the famous “Jewish Scientific Seminar” and took part in this seminar from 1972 till 1980. Many times he was arrested by the authorities for short terms. In 1980 he was arrested for his role as an editor of “Jews in USSR”, spent 10 months in a jail and was sentenced to 5 years in exile. One half of his sentence was commuted because of the time he spent in jail. He was in exile in the vicinity of the town of Shevtchenko (Kazakhstan). In 1984 he was released, but did not stop his Zionist activity and his work as an organizer and a lecturer in scientific seminars, among other things. He left the USSR for Israel in 1987. Now he lives in Tel-Aviv.
